Calcaneal Pitch Angle

Pes Planus

Pes Planus

Pes Cavus

Pes Planus

Pes Cavus

A: Line drawn from the plantar surface of the calcaneus to the inferior border of the calc-cuboid.

B: Line from the plantar surface of the calcaneus to the inferior surface of the 5th metatarsal head

8 - 20° = normal (~ 17 - 32° have been reported to be normal).

Decreased calcaneal pitch = pes planus.  Increased pitch = pes cavus

Lateral Talar - 1st Metatarsal (Meary’s) angle

A: Long axis of the talus

B: Long axis of the 1st metatarsal

Collapse of longitudinal arch may occur at the TN, NC, or CM joints.

> 4° convex downward = pes planus

Angle of 15°-30° considered moderate , and greater than 30° severe

> 4 degrees convex upward = pes cavus

Lateral Talocalcaneal Angle

Long axis of the talus and along the axis of the calcaneus

A: Line at the plantar border of the calcaneus (or bisecting the long axis of the calcaneus)

B: Line through two midpoints in the talus (body and neck)

Normal = is 25-45 degrees (~35-40 per Greenspan)

> 45 degrees = hindfoot valgus, a component of pes planus